Painting device and associated method

ABSTRACT

Exemplary painting devices for painting components, e.g., motor vehicle bodies or parts thereof may include a multi-axis painting robot positioning an atomizer, a robot controller for controlling the painting robot, and a controls enclosure comprising the robot controller. An exemplary controls enclosure may be a load-bearing column that mechanically supports the painting robot.

CROSS-REFERENCES TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application is a continuation application of co-pending applicationSer. No. 13/062,070 filed Mar. 3, 2011 which is a National Stageapplication which claims the benefit of International Application No.PCT/EP2009/006007 filed Aug. 19, 2009, which claims priority based onGerman Application No. 10 2008 045 553.9, filed Sep. 3, 2008, all ofwhich are hereby incorporated by reference in their entirety.

BACKGROUND

The present disclosure relates to a painting device for paintingcomponents, e.g., for painting motor vehicle bodies or parts thereof.Furthermore, the present disclosure relates to an associated method formanufacturing, testing and/or installing a painting device.

In modern painting facilities for painting motor vehicle bodies, use ismade of multi-axis painting robots which have as the application devicefor example a rotary atomizer. In this case, the painting robot isactuated by a robot controller which is usually arranged outside thepainting booth in a control cabinet and is connected to the paintingrobot during installation of the painting facility. Furthermore, thevarious supply lines for the media necessary for operation of thepainting robot (e.g. compressed air, paints, flushing agents) must alsobe connected during installation of the painting robot. Theseconventional painting facilities have various disadvantages, as will bediscussed below.

On the one hand, the connection of the painting robot during the finalinstallation requires a considerable outlay on staff, which increasesthe installation costs. Furthermore, a certain installation time is alsorequired, which in the event of retrofitting an existing paintingfacility gives rise to a corresponding retrofitting time and downtime ofthe painting facility, which may lead to production losses.

On the other hand, mistakes in the connection to the robot controller orin the connection of the supply lines may occur during the finalinstallation of the painting robot, so that the painting robot mustundergo a complicated functional test after the final installation, theretrofitting time and the corresponding downtime of the paintingfacility being extended by the time required for testing.

Furthermore, with regard to the prior art, reference may be made to DE92 12 718 U1, DE 29 15 603 C2, DE 691 02 353 T2, DE 44 30 234 A1 and DE696 29 246 T2.

Accordingly, there is a need for a suitably improved painting device andan associated method.

On the one hand, it is desirable to reduce the installation timenecessary for the final installation of the painting robot at thecustomer's premises, which leads to a correspondingly shortened downtimeof the painting facility.

On the other hand, the exemplary illustrations below aim where possibleto avoid installation errors during the final installation of thepainting robot in the painting facility.

This object is achieved by a painting device according to the exemplaryillustrations below and by a corresponding method.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES

While the claims are not limited to the specific illustrations describedherein, an appreciation of various aspects is best gained through adiscussion of various examples thereof. Referring now to the drawings,illustrative examples are shown in detail. Although the drawingsrepresent the exemplary illustrations, the drawings are not necessarilyto scale and certain features may be exaggerated to better illustrateand explain an innovative aspect of an illustration. Further, theexemplary illustrations described herein are not intended to beexhaustive or otherwise limiting or restricting to the precise form andconfiguration shown in the drawings and disclosed in the followingdetailed description. Exemplary illustrations are described in detail byreferring to the drawings as follows:

FIG. 1 shows a perspective view of a painting booth with two paintingrobots mounted in a stationary manner,

FIGS. 2A-2F show different perspective views of the painting robots ofFIG. 1,

FIG. 3 shows a perspective view of a control cabinet configured as asupport column from the painting booth shown in FIG. 1,

FIG. 4 shows a perspective view of a painting booth with a paintingrobot mounted in a stationary manner and with a door opener which isdisplaceable on a stub rail below the painting robot,

FIG. 5 shows a plan view of the painting booth of FIG. 4,

FIG. 6 shows a perspective view of the painting booth of FIGS. 4 and 5,

FIG. 7 shows a perspective view of a painting booth with a displacementrail on which two painting robots can be displaced, wherein two handlingrobots are also displaceable on the displacement rail,

FIG. 8 shows a front view of a painting booth according to an exemplaryillustration with displaceable painting robots and likewise displaceablehandling robots,

FIG. 9 shows a perspective view of a painting booth with twodisplacement rails for respectively two painting robots and two handlingrobots,

FIG. 10 shows a perspective view of two painting robots which canalternatively be used as handling robots,

FIG. 11 shows a perspective view of a painting booth with two paintingrobots mounted in a stationary manner,

FIG. 12 shows a perspective view of a displaceable painting robot,wherein the painting robot is mounted on a displaceable support columnwhich forms the control cabinet,

FIG. 13 shows a perspective view of an exemplary painting booth with twodisplacement rails for in each case two painting robots, saiddisplacement rails running at right angles to the conveying direction ofthe motor vehicle body,

FIG. 14 shows a plan view of the painting booth of FIG. 13,

FIG. 15 shows a perspective view of the painting booth of FIGS. 13 and14 parallel to the conveying direction of the motor vehicle bodies,

FIG. 16 shows a perspective view of an alternative example of embodimentof an exemplary painting booth with a displacement rail located at thetop, wherein the painting robot is displaceable on the displacement railand is lowered with respect to the displacement rail,

FIG. 17 shows a perspective view of the painting booth of FIG. 17parallel to the conveying direction of the motor vehicle bodies,

FIG. 18 shows an exemplary illustration of a painting robot comprising arobot base on which a plurality of robot arms are movably articulated,and

FIG. 19 shows a perspective view of another exemplary painting robotwith a plurality of robot arms arranged kinematically in parallel.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

The exemplary illustrations comprise the general technical teaching ofdelivering the painting robot in a preassembled form as a finishedmodule including the robot controller and a mechanical support, so thatthe preassembled module can then be easily installed in the paintingfacility at the customer's premises without requiring a longinstallation time.

An exemplary painting device may comprise a multi-axis painting robot.It must therefore be mentioned only briefly that an exemplary paintingrobot, including a multi-axis robot hand axle, may have 5, 6, 7 or 8movable axles. In one example, therefore, the term “painting robot” usedin the context of the exemplary illustrations must be distinguished fromconventional ceiling-mounted machines or side-mounted machines which arelikewise used for painting motor vehicle bodies.

The painting robot may guide a rotary atomizer as the applicationdevice, but other types of atomizer are also possible in the context ofthe exemplary illustrations, such as for example airmix devices, airlessdevices, air atomizers or ultrasonic atomizers.

The exemplary illustrations may allow for applying paints, such as forexample liquid coatings or powder coatings. Various types of paint canbe applied, such as for example primer, basecoat or clearcoat. However,the exemplary illustrations are not limited to the types of coatingagent mentioned above by way of example, but rather can in principle becarried out also with other types of coating agents.

Furthermore, exemplary painting devices may comprise in a conventionalmanner a robot controller which is connected to the painting robot andcontrols the latter according to a predefined program.

The robot controller may be accommodated in a control cabinet.

The exemplary illustrations may also provide that the control cabinetforms a support column for the painting robot, or that the supportcolumn for the painting robot forms the control cabinet and accommodatesthe robot controller. Accordingly, the control cabinet may have a dualfunction since the control cabinet on the one hand contains the robotcontroller and on the other hand serves as a mechanical support elementfor the painting robot. This dual function of the control cabinetadvantageously allows a preassembly of the painting robot with the robotcontroller and the control cabinet, so that the preassembled module canthen be easily and quickly installed in the painting facility at thecustomer's premises. In the context of the exemplary illustrations,therefore, the control cabinet is modified in comparison to theconventional control cabinets so as to be able to perform the mechanicalsupport function for the painting robot.

In one example, the painting robot is mechanically borne exclusively byone or more control cabinets, each configured as a support column.However, it is also possible as an alternative that the control cabinetconfigured as a support column is merely one element providingmechanical support alongside other support elements, so that the controlcabinet merely helps to mechanically support the painting robot.

It should also be mentioned that, with regard to the shape of thecontrol cabinet, the exemplary illustrations are not limited to aspecific shape such as that of a conventional cabinet. Instead, thecontrol cabinet may also have other shapes, such as for example theshape of a bracket or a box.

It has already been mentioned above that the exemplary illustrationsallow a preassembly of the painting robot with the robot controller andthe control cabinet configured as a support column. In the case of sucha modular preassembly, the control cabinet may advantageously have aninterface via which all the fluid and electrical supply lines necessaryfor operation of the painting robot can be connected. This isadvantageous since then only a single interface has to be connected inorder to allow operation of the painting robot, as a result of which thefinal installation time is reduced. The supply lines necessary foroperation of the painting robot are in this case may be guided in thepreassembled module from the interface of the control cabinet to thepainting robot, so that no further installation work is required withinthe preassembled module during final installation.

However, the exemplary illustrations are not limited to the variantdescribed above in which the painting robot together with the robotcontroller and the control cabinet configured as a support column isdelivered as a preassembled module. Instead, it is also possible in thecontext of the exemplary illustrations that the painting robot isdelivered separately from the robot controller and the control cabinetand then is installed and connected to the robot controller at thecustomer's premises. In this variant, the painting robot may have aninterface via which the painting robot is detachably connected to thecontrol cabinet configured as a support column. This interface betweenthe painting robot and the control cabinet may serve also for themechanical connection between the painting robot and the control cabinetconfigured as a support column. The interface between the painting robotand the control cabinet configured as a support column therefore maycontain all the fluid supply lines (e.g. lines for paint, flushing agentand compressed air) and electrical supply lines (e.g. control lines andsensor lines) between the control cabinet and the painting robot thatare necessary for operation of the painting robot.

In the two variants mentioned above (preassembled module andnon-preassembled module), the respective interface may comprise thepneumatic line which is necessary for supplying compressed air to thepainting robot, for example in order to drive a compressed air turbineof a rotary atomizer. Furthermore, the interface may comprise at leastone paint line for supplying the paint to be applied. The exemplaryillustrations may also comprise a flushing agent line, via which aflushing agent can be supplied in order to flush the painting robot andin particular the rotary atomizer in the event of a color change. Forthe same reason, the interface may also comprise a return line for thereturn of flushing agent and/or paint from the painting robot.Furthermore, the interface may also contain electrical control lines foractuation of the robot by the robot controller and/or at least onesensor line for the reporting of sensor variables from the paintingrobot to the robot controller.

It has already been mentioned above that the painting robot may be amulti-axis painting robot which has for example, including a multi-axisrobot hand axle, 5, 6, 7 or 8 movable axles. The painting robot maycomprise a robot base which is either displaceable or mounted in astationary manner, a rotatable robot part, a pivotable proximal robotarm (“arm 1”) and a pivotable distal robot arm (“arm 2”).

In one example, the rotatable robot part is rotatable relative to therobot base about a substantially vertical axis of rotation, and therotatable robot part may be arranged below the robot base. With regardto the axis of rotation of the rotatable robot part, the exemplaryillustrations are not limited to a precisely vertical axis of rotation.Instead, the axis of rotation may also be angled slightly. The onlyimportant thing in this example of embodiment is that the axis ofrotation of the rotatable robot part runs substantially vertically. Inthis example, the proximal robot arm may be pivotable about a pivot axiswhich runs substantially horizontally, this also applying to the distalrobot arm which may likewise be pivotable about a horizontal pivot axisrelative to the proximal robot arm.

In another example, the rotatable robot part is by contrast rotatablerelative to the robot base about a substantially horizontal axis ofrotation. In this example, the pivot axes of the proximal robot arm andof the distal robot arm may, by contrast, run at right angles to theaxis of rotation of the rotatable robot part, in particular at rightangles to the conveying direction of the components in the paintingfacility. This example is suitable for example for painting bumpers.

In both the abovementioned with different axes of rotation of therotatable robot part, the rotatable robot part may optionally bearranged below the robot base, above the robot base or to the side ofthe robot base. However, it may be particularly advantageous if therotatable robot part is arranged below the robot base since the paintingrobot is then particularly suitable for painting the interior of motorvehicle bodies.

Furthermore, the exemplary illustrations comprise a particular guidanceof the supply hoses within the painting robot, said supply hoses beingnecessary for operation of the painting robot. For instance, the media(e.g. compressed air, paint and flushing agent) necessary for operationof the painting robot must be transported in the painting robot from therobot base to the distal robot arm and then through the robot hand axleto the atomizer, for which purposes usually flexible supply hoses areprovided which deform in accordance with the robot movement. Thesesupply hoses may in each case be guided through the so-called neutralfiber in the individual joints between the adjoining robot members. Theneutral fiber is an imaginary line through the joint, which is notsubjected to tensile or compressive stress in the longitudinal directionduring a rotation of the joint but rather is subjected only to a bendingload. The siting of the supply hoses in the neutral fiber of the jointsoffers the advantage that the supply hoses are not exposed to mechanicalstress in the axial direction.

Furthermore, the supply hoses may in each case run through the axis ofrotation of the joints, which likewise reduces the mechanical stress onthe supply hoses.

Moreover, the individual supply hoses in the painting robot may in eachcase run in a hose plane from the rotatable robot part to the distalrobot arm so that the supply hoses are bent only in the hose planeduring a pivoting of the robot arms. The hose plane may thus be at rightangles to the axis of rotation of the robot arms. This technicalmeasure, too, reduces the mechanical stress on the supply hoses during achange in position of the robot and thus extends the life span of thesupply hoses.

Furthermore, the painting robot according to the exemplary illustrationsmay comprise application technology, such as for example a color changerfor selecting a desired color, wherein the color changer is connected onthe input side to a plurality of color feed lines and on the output sideto an atomizer. The application technology mounted in or on the paintingrobot may also comprise a metering pump or other metering systems, suchas for example a metering cylinder, a plunger pump, radial screws. Theapplication technology mounted in or on the painting robot may alsocomprise a motor for driving the metering pump or the other applicationtechnology. The application technology mounted on or in the paintingrobot may also comprise a paint pressure regulator for regulating theapplication pressure, and/or a high voltage generator for generating thehigh voltage required for electrostatic painting.

The aforementioned application technology may be arranged in or on theproximal robot arm. Alternatively, it is possible in the context of theexemplary illustrations that the application technology is arranged inor on the distal robot arm. It is also possible in the context of theexemplary illustrations that the application technology is arranged in amanner distributed over the different robot arms. In one exemplaryillustration, the application technology for the rarely used paints(“low runners”) is located on or in the proximal robot arm (“arm 1”)while the application technology for the frequently used paints islocated on or in the distal robot arm (“arm 2”), so that the lowestpossible color change losses occur for the frequently used paints (“highrunners”).

In one example, the distal robot arm is pivotably connected to theproximal robot arm via a so-called elbow joint, wherein the elbow jointis directed downward (“elbow down”) in at least one robot position.

In this case, the robot base may be arranged above the motor vehiclebodies to be painted, so that the atomizer is located below the robotbase. This elevated arrangement of the painting robot is advantageousinter alia because excess coating agent residues (“overspray”) arepushed downward by the downwardly directed airflow in the painting boothand therefore accumulate to a lesser extent on the elevated paintingrobot. The elevated arrangement of the painting robot thusadvantageously reduces the tendency for soiling of the painting robot.

This robot position (“elbow down”) facilitates the painting of theinterior of motor vehicle bodies when the distal robot arm in one robotposition runs substantially horizontally and can be introduced in thehorizontal direction into the interior of a motor vehicle body in orderto paint the interior.

In the “elbow down” robot position, the set-up on the distal robot arm(“arm 2”) can be greater than in the “elbow up” robot position. Thismeans that more application technology can be installed in the distalrobot arm, as a result of which the consumption of paint and solvent isreduced.

Furthermore, the exemplary painting robot may also allow a robotposition in which the elbow joint between the proximal robot arm and thedistal robot arm is directed upward (“elbow up”).

The exemplary painting device may also comprise a conveyor which conveysthe components to be painted through the painting device. The robot baseis in this case may be offset in the upward direction relative to theconveyor, in particular at a height above the upper side of thecomponents to be painted. This elevated arrangement of the paintingrobot—as already mentioned above—reduces the susceptibility of thepainting robot to soiling since the linear flow through the paintingbooth from top to bottom pushes downward the paint particles(“overspray”) not adhering to the components.

In another example, the robot base is mounted in a stationary manner sothat the robot base is not movable. To this end, the robot base may beattached directly to the control cabinet forming the support column.

However, it is also possible as an alternative that the robot basetogether with the painting robot can be displaced on a displacementrail. In the case of the above-described preassembly of a modulecomprising the painting robot, the robot controller and the controlcabinet configured as the support column, the preassembled module mayalso comprise the displacement rail.

In one example, the painting device additionally has a handling robotwhich can open and close doors or hoods of the motor vehicle bodies tobe painted, so that the actual painting robot can carry out a paintingof the interior of the motor vehicle bodies. The handling robot may inthis case be mounted on a displacement rail, wherein the displacementrail is likewise mounted on the control cabinet configured as thesupport column. In the case of the aforementioned preassembled modularconstruction, the preassembled module may thus also comprise thedisplacement rail for the handling robot and/or the handling robot.

An exemplary displacement rail for the handling robot may bemechanically borne by the control cabinet configured as the supportcolumn. However, it is also possible that the displacement rail for thehandling robot is additionally borne by further mechanical supportstructures.

Moreover, the displacement rail for the handling robot may be mounted onthe same support column as that on which the painting robot is alsomounted in a stationary manner.

It should also be mentioned that the painting robot may be mounted abovethe handling robot on the support column, which facilitates operation.

It should also be mentioned that the displacement rail for the handlingrobot may be configured as a so-called stub rail. This means that thedisplacement rail for the handling robot is shorter than the paintingbooth.

Furthermore, it may be advantageous if the displacement rail for thehandling robot is arranged offset relative to the painting robot in theconveying direction of the components. This is particularly advantageouswhen the components to be painted are transported through the paintingbooth at a high conveying speed, since the offset of the handling railfor the handling robot in the conveying direction then allows more timefor the handling robot.

It has already been mentioned above that the painting robot may bearranged in a painting booth, wherein the painting booth may have smoothbooth walls (“clean wall”).

Furthermore, the booth walls of the painting booth may be at leastpartially transparent or have at least one viewing window so as to allowvisual monitoring of the painting operation from outside.

It should also be mentioned in this connection that the control cabinetconfigured as the support column may be arranged outside the paintingbooth. This offers the advantage that the painting booth need not beentered in order to carry out maintenance work on the robot controlleraccommodated in the control cabinet.

In another examples, the painting robot has, in addition to an atomizer,a handling grip for opening doors or hoods of the motor vehicle bodiesto be painted. The painting robot is therefore bifunctional in thisexample of embodiment, since the painting robot can optionally applypaint or serve as a handling robot.

In a further example, the support column forming the control cabinet isnot arranged in a stationary manner but rather is displaceable. By wayof example, the support column may be displaceable on one or moredisplacement rails, wherein the displacement rail for the support columnmay be oriented parallel to the conveying direction of the motor vehiclebodies to be painted. The support column may be oriented vertically,wherein the painting robot is displaceable along the support column inthe vertical direction.

In another exemplary illustration, the painting robot is displaceablealong a displacement rail, wherein the displacement rail is oriented inthe conveying direction of the components to be painted, so that thedisplacement rail runs along the painting line. The painting robot is inthis case connected to the displacement rail by a substantiallyvertically oriented carrier, wherein the carrier is guided on its upperside by the displacement rail and can be displaced along thedisplacement rail, while the carrier carries on its underside the robotbase of the painting robot. In this case, therefore, the carrier ensuresthat the robot base of the painting robot is located in the lower regionof the painting booth, even though the painting robot is displaceablealong the elevated displacement rail. The carrier between thedisplacement rail and the painting robot thus allows a lowering of thepainting robot relative to the displacement rail.

Furthermore, the exemplary illustrations also encompass a variant inwhich there is arranged in the painting booth a conveyor which conveysthe components to be painted in a predefined conveying direction throughthe painting device. The painting robot is in this case likewise may bemounted in a displaceable manner on a displacement rail, one particularfeature being that the displacement rail is oriented transversely to theconveying direction of the components to be painted. In this variant,therefore, the displacement rail for the painting robot may run at rightangles to the conveying direction of the components to be painted, as aresult of which it is possible to establish a painting booth with a veryshort booth length.

In the variant with a transverse displacement rail for the paintingrobot, the movement clearance for the painting robot on the displacementrail is usually limited by the lateral booth wall of the painting booth.In order to extend the movement clearance of the painting robot on thetransversely running displacement rail, therefore, it is provided in oneexemplary illustration that the booth wall has lateral indentations inthe extension of the transversely running displacement rail, so that thepainting robot on the displacement rail can be moved into theindentation of the painting booth. In this example, the booth width ofthe painting booth is therefore not constant but rather varies over thelength of the booth, the booth width to the side of the displacementrail for the painting robot being greater than in the conveyingdirection in front of and behind the displacement rail for the paintingrobot.

The exemplary illustrations also encompasses a novel painting robotcomprising a robot base on which at least two robot arms or other suchrobot members are movably articulated. In one exemplary, the two robotarms each guide an atomizer. By contrast, it is provided in anotherexample that one robot arm guides an atomizer while the other robot armguides a handling tool, in particular a gripper for opening or closing ahood or a door of a motor vehicle body.

Furthermore, the exemplary illustrations also encompass a method formanufacturing, testing and/or installing an exemplary painting device,exemplary methods being characterized in that the control cabinet ismechanically reinforced during manufacture so that it can mechanicallysupport the painting robot.

Exemplary manufacturing methods may also be characterized in that thepainting robot is attached directly or by means of a displacement railor an attachment adapter to the control cabinet configured as thesupport column.

In an exemplary method, there may firstly take place a preassembly of amodule which comprises the painting robot, the control cabinet, therobot controller and/or the displacement rail, the preassembly beingcarried out at the manufacturer's premises and not at the customer'spremises.

This preassembly of the module may advantageously allow testing of thepreassembled module, the testing likewise taking place at themanufacturer's premises. During this test, firstly the fluidicfunctioning of the atomizer can be tested. It is therefore possible totest whether the atomizer is operating correctly. Furthermore, the testson the preassembled module may also include testing the correct movementcapability of the painting robot. During the testing on the preassembledmodule, it is also possible to check whether the electrostatic chargingof the coating agent is functioning correctly. Finally, it is alsopossible during the testing on the preassembled module to test whetherthe painting robot can be correctly moved on its displacement rail.

The exemplary method then may also comprise transporting thepreassembled module to a site of installation at the customer'spremises.

Furthermore, the exemplary method may also comprise the finalinstallation of the preassembled and/or tested module at the site ofinstallation, the module then being mechanically anchored and connectedto all the lines necessary for operation of the painting robot and ofthe associated atomizer. Further testing is then however generally notnecessary, as a result of which the final installation time isconsiderably reduced.

It has already been mentioned above that the exemplary painting robot ishighly suitable for painting the interior of motor vehicle bodies due toits design (“elbow down”). The exemplary methods therefore also comprisepainting the interior of motor vehicle bodies, wherein the paintingrobot is positioned in such a way that the elbow joint between theproximal robot arm and the distal robot arm is directed downward. Thedistal robot arm comprising the atomizer is then positioned in such away that the distal robot arm is located to the side of the motorvehicle body to be painted, substantially at right angles to theconveying direction of the components to be painted. The distal robotarm comprising the atomizer is then oriented substantially horizontallyand is introduced in the horizontal direction into the interior of themotor vehicle body to be painted, in order to paint the interiortherein.

The perspective view in FIG. 1 shows an exemplary painting booth 1 whichis arranged in a painting facility for painting motor vehicle bodies 2,wherein the motor vehicle bodies 2 are transported through the paintingbooth 1 by a conveying device 3 in the direction shown by the arrow.

Further painting booths for applying other coating agents to the motorvehicle bodies 2 may be arranged in the conveying direction in front ofand behind the painting booth 1. By way of example, a basecoat layer maybe applied to the motor vehicle bodies 2 in the painting booth 1. Aprimer will then be applied beforehand to the motor vehicle bodies 2 inthe preceding painting booth (not shown). A clearcoat layer will then beapplied to the motor vehicle bodies 2 in a painting booth (not shown)arranged downstream in the conveying direction.

The painting booth 1 has smooth booth walls 4, 5 running around theentire circumference, the booth walls not being shown in part so as toallow a view into the interior of the painting booth 1. The smooth boothwalls 4, 5 have the advantage of a low susceptibility to soiling and theability to be easily cleaned.

It should also be mentioned that the booth walls 4, 5 are largelytransparent, which allows a person located outside the painting booth 1to visually monitor the painting operation taking place in the interiorof the painting booth 1.

In the painting booth, two multi-axis painting robots 6, 7 are eachmounted in a stationary manner on a control cabinet 8, 9 configured as asupport column.

Here, the two control cabinets 8, 9 are located outside the paintingbooth 1 and contain a robot controller for actuating the painting robots6, 7. Maintenance can therefore be carried out on the robot controllerin the control cabinets 8, 9 without the maintenance staff having toenter the painting booth 1.

The control cabinets 8, 9 are mechanically reinforced in comparison toconventional control cabinets so as to be able to perform a mechanicalsupport function for the painting robots 6, 7 in addition toaccommodating the robot controller.

Here, the two painting robots 6, 7 together with the associated controlcabinets 8, 9 and the robot controller located therein form apreassembled module which is supplied in a preassembled and tested formby the manufacturer of the painting robots so that these modules cansimply be positioned in the customer's premises during finalinstallation. During the final installation, therefore, all that isrequired is a mechanical fixing of the control cabinets 8, 9 and aconnection of the control cabinets 8, 9 to the lines necessary foroperation (e.g. for compressed air, paint, flushing agent, power, etc.).

The robot controllers located in the control cabinets 8, 9 can beprogrammed by an operator 10 located outside the painting booth 1 bymeans of a portable programming device 11, wherein the programmingdevice 11 allows a wireless transmission of data from and to the robotcontrollers.

FIGS. 2A to 2F show the structure of the painting robots 6, 7.

The painting robots 6, 7 substantially consist of a robot base 12, arotatable robot part 13, a proximal robot arm 14, a distal robot arm 15,a robot hand axle 16 and a rotary atomizer 17.

The rotatable robot part 13 is in this case arranged below the robotbase 12 and is rotatable relative to the robot base 12 about a verticalaxis of rotation.

By contrast, the proximal robot arm 14 is pivotable relative to therotatable robot part 13 about a horizontal pivot axis.

The same applies to the distal robot arm 15, which is pivotable relativeto the proximal robot arm 14 about a horizontally running pivot axis.

It should also be mentioned that the proximal robot arm 14 is connectedto the distal robot arm 15 by an elbow joint 18. In the robot positionshown in FIG. 2A, the elbow joint 18 is directed upward (“elbow up”). Inthe robot position shown in FIG. 2B, the elbow joint 18 is by contrastdirected downward (“elbow down”). The robot position shown in FIG. 2Bwith the downwardly directed elbow joint 18 is particularly suitable forpainting the interior of the motor vehicle bodies 2 since the distalrobot arm 15 can then easily be introduced laterally into the motorvehicle body 2 to be painted.

From FIG. 2C, it can also be seen that the robot base 12 has aninterface 19 for connecting the supply lines necessary for operation ofthe painting robot 6. Furthermore, the robot base 12 also comprises amechanical interface 20 for attaching the painting robot 6 to thecontrol cabinet 8.

It can also be seen from FIG. 2C that application technology is mountedin the proximal robot arm 14, such as for example a metering means, acolor changer or a high voltage cascade.

From the perspective view in FIG. 2D, it can moreover be seen thatapplication technology is also installed on the distal robot arm 15, sothat the application technology required for operation of the paintingrobot 6 is distributed over the two robot arms 14 and 15.

FIGS. 2D to 2F also show that flexible supply hoses run between therobot base 12 and the rotary atomizer 17 and supply for example thepaint to be applied.

On the one hand it should be mentioned here that the supply hoses 21between the rotatable robot part and the distal robot arm 15 in eachcase run in a hose plane which is oriented at right angles to the pivotaxis of the robot arms 14, 15. This means that the supply hoses 21 aresubjected only to a bending load in the hose plane, i.e. only in onedirection, during a pivoting of the robot arms 14, 15.

On the other hand it should be mentioned that the proximal robot arm 14is pivotable about a pivot axis 22 relative to the rotatable robot part13, wherein the supply hoses 21 are guided through the pivot axis 22 inthe joint between the proximal robot arm 14 and the rotatable robot part13. This offers the advantage that the supply hoses 21 are subjectedonly to relatively minor mechanical stresses during a pivoting movementof the proximal robot arm 14.

For the same reason, the supply hoses 21 in the joints are in each caseguided in the so-called neutral fiber in which only bending loads occuron the supply hoses 21, but no axial tensile or compressive forces.

FIG. 3 shows a perspective view of the control cabinet 8, the controlcabinet 9 shown in FIG. 1 being structurally identical.

The control cabinet 8 has space for a robot controller 23, 24 both inthe upper region and in the lower region.

Furthermore, the control cabinet 8 has in the middle a drawer 25 inwhich for example spare parts, operating instructions or even straycleaning cloths can be accommodated.

FIGS. 4 to 6 show another exemplary painting booth 1 which largelycorresponds to the painting booth 1 described above, so that referenceis made to the above description in order to avoid repetitions, the samereferences being used below for the same details.

One particular feature of this example lies in the fact that, inaddition to the painting robot 6, a handling robot 26 is provided whichhas the task of opening the doors of the motor vehicle bodies 2 forsubsequent painting of the interior by the painting robot 6.

The handling robot 26 is mounted below the painting robot 6 on a stubrail 27 and is displaceable in the direction shown by the arrow.

The stub rail 27 for the handling robot 26 is arranged in a manneroffset in the conveying direction relative to the painting robot 6. Thisis advantageous so that the handling robot 26, once the interiorpainting by the painting robot 6 has ended, still has enough time toclose the door of the motor vehicle body 2 before the motor vehicle body2 moves out of reach of the handling robot 26 in the direction shown bythe arrow.

For the sake of completeness, it must be pointed out that theabovementioned painting devices may be arranged symmetrically in thepainting booth on both sides of the motor vehicle body 2.

FIGS. 7 and 8 show another exemplary painting booth 1 which largelycorresponds to the examples of embodiments described above, so thatreference is made to the above description in order to avoidrepetitions, the same references being used below for the same details.

One particular feature of this example of embodiment lies in the factthat the painting robots 6, 7 in this example of embodiment are notmounted in a stationary manner but rather on a common displacement rail28.

Furthermore, the handling robots 26 in this example of embodiment arealso suspended on the displacement rail 28.

FIG. 9 shows another exemplary painting booth 1 which largelycorresponds to the example of embodiment described above, so thatreference is made to the above description in order to avoidrepetitions, the same references being used below for the same details.

One particular feature of this example lies in the fact that a furtherdisplacement rail 29 is mounted in the lower region on the controlcabinets 8, 9 configured as a support column. The displacement rail 29in this case carries the handling robots 26, whereas the upperdisplacement rail 28 carries the painting robots 6, 7.

FIG. 10 shows a perspective view of a modified painting robot 6 whichcarries, in addition to the rotary atomizer 17, a handling grip 30 bymeans of which the painting robot 6 can open and close hoods 31 of themotor vehicle bodies 2. The painting robot 6 is therefore bifunctionalin this example of embodiment and can optionally apply paint or serve asa handling robot.

Finally, FIG. 11 shows an exemplary painting booth 1 which largelycorresponds to the example described above, so that reference is made tothe above description in order to avoid repetitions, the same referencesbeing used below for the same details.

One particular feature of this example lies in the fact that the axis ofrotation between the robot base 12 and the rotatable robot part 13 isoriented horizontally and runs parallel to the transport direction ofthe conveying device 3.

The pivot axes of the proximal robot arm 14 and of the distal robot armby contrast run here in a plane which is oriented at right angles to thetransport direction of the conveying device 3.

FIG. 12 shows a further example of a painting device with a displaceablepainting robot 32, wherein the painting robot 32 comprises a robot base33, a proximal robot arm 34, a distal robot arm 35 and an atomizer 36which is guided on the distal robot arm 35.

The painting robot 32 is displaceable in the vertical direction (Zdirection) on a support column 37. One particular feature here lies inthe fact that the support column 37 does not only serve for mechanicallyguiding the painting robot 32 but rather also contains a robotcontroller and/or application technology for the painting robot 32,wherein the pneumatic system for the painting robot 32 can be integratedin the support column 37. In this example of embodiment, therefore, thesupport column 37 forms a control cabinet for the painting robot.

The support column 37 is displaceable in the X direction, i.e. in theconveying direction of the motor vehicle bodies to be painted, on twoparallel displacement rails 38, 39 located one above the other.

FIGS. 13 and 15 show a further exemplary painting booth 40 which can bearranged in a painting facility, further painting stations being locatedin front of and behind the painting booth 40 in the conveying direction.

Running through the painting booth 40 is a conveyor 41 along which motorvehicle bodies 42 are transported linearly through the painting booth40.

Located outside the painting booth are four support columns 43, 44, 45,46, wherein the support columns 43, 46 arranged on the input side carrya displacement rail 47 arranged on the input side and oriented at rightangles to the conveying direction of the conveyor 41. Two paintingrobots 48, 49 can be displaced along the displacement rail 47 at rightangles to the conveying direction of the conveyor 41.

The two support columns 44, 45 arranged on the output side jointly carryon their upper side a further displacement rail 50 which is likewiseoriented at right angles to the conveying direction of the conveyor 41.Two painting robots 51, 52 are likewise displaceably arranged on thedisplacement rail 50.

The painting robots 48, 49 and 51, 52 each have so-called inversekinematics. This means that the robot base of the painting robots 48,49, 51, 52 is turned upside down in comparison to conventional paintingrobots, so that the robot arms of the painting robots 48, 49, 51, 52 arelocated below the respective robot base.

The two displacement rails 47, 50 are each connected to one another attheir ends by a longitudinal strut 53, 54, so that the two displacementrails 47, 50 together with the longitudinal struts 53, 54 form a stableframe.

The painting booth 40 is delimited laterally and at its end sides by aperipheral booth wall 55, the booth wall 55 being transparent so that anoperator 56 located outside the painting booth 40 can carry out fromoutside a visual monitoring of the painting process taking place insidethe painting booth 40.

It should also be mentioned that the booth wall 55 in each case has alateral indentation 57, 58 laterally in the extension of the twodisplacement rails 47, 50, so that the painting robots 48, 49 and 51, 52can be moved in the lateral direction on the displacement rails 47, 50into the indentations 57, 58, as a result of which the movementclearance of the painting robots 48, 49, 51, 52 in the lateral directionis increased. The booth width of the painting booth 40 between thelateral indentations 57, 58 is smaller than in the region of theindentations 57, 58, so that the operator 56 can observe from a smallerdistance the painting process taking place in the interior of thepainting booth, as can be seen in particular from FIG. 14.

The example shown in FIGS. 16 and 17 largely corresponds to the exampleof embodiment shown in FIG. 9, so that reference is made to the abovedescription in order to avoid repetitions, the same references beingused below for the same details.

One particular feature of this exemplary illustration lies in the factthat the painting robot 6 is arranged in a manner offset downwardrelative to the displacement rail 28, even though the painting robot 6is displaceable on the upper displacement rail 28. To this end, use ismade of a substantially vertically oriented carrier 59 which isdisplaceable on its upper side along the displacement rail 28, while thecarrier 59 carries on its underside the robot base of the painting robot6. The carrier 59 therefore serves to lower the painting robot 6relative to the upper displacement rail 28.

FIG. 18 shows a perspective view of a painting robot comprising a robotbase 60 which is either arranged in a stationary manner or displaceableon a displacement rail.

Two robot parts 61, 62 are rotatably mounted on the robot base 60 onopposite sides, wherein the two robot parts 61, 62 can rotate relativeto the common robot base 60 about a common, horizontally running axis ofrotation.

A proximal robot arm 63 and a distal robot arm 64 are pivotably arrangedon the rotatable robot part 61, wherein the distal robot arm 64 guides arotary atomizer 66 via a robot hand axle 65.

In the same way, a proximal robot arm 67 and a distal robot arm 68 arepivotably arranged on the rotatable robot part 62, wherein the distalrobot arm 68 likewise guides a rotary atomizer 70 via a robot hand axle69.

It should also be mentioned that application technology 70 is arrangedon the distal robot arm 68, this also applying in the same way to thedistal robot arm 64 shown in the closed state.

FIG. 19 shows a modification of the painting robot of FIG. 18, so thatreference is made to the above description in order to avoidrepetitions, the same references being used below for the same details.

One particular feature of this example lies in the fact that the distalrobot arm 68 does not guide a rotary atomizer but rather a grip 72 foropening and closing a hood of a motor vehicle body. In this example ofembodiment, therefore, the painting robot does not only allow theapplication of paint but rather serves also as a handling robot andspecifically as a hood opener.

In relation to this example, it should also be mentioned that theproximal robot arm 67 is pivotably articulated directly on the robotbase 60, without the interposition of the robot part 62.

The exemplary illustrations are not limited to the examples specificallydescribed above. Instead, a large number of variants and modificationsare possible which likewise make use of the inventive concepts andtherefore fall within the scope of protection.

It should also be noted that the exemplary illustrations also includethe subject matter of the appended dependent claims without the featuresof the independent claims to which reference is made or only with somefeatures of the independent claims.

Reference in the specification to “one example,” “an example,” “oneembodiment,” or “an embodiment” means that a particular feature,structure, or characteristic described in connection with the example isincluded in at least one example. The phrase “in one example” in variousplaces in the specification does not necessarily refer to the sameexample each time it appears.

With regard to the processes, systems, methods, heuristics, etc.described herein, it should be understood that, although the steps ofsuch processes, etc. have been described as occurring according to acertain ordered sequence, such processes could be practiced with thedescribed steps performed in an order other than the order describedherein. It further should be understood that certain steps could beperformed simultaneously, that other steps could be added, or thatcertain steps described herein could be omitted. In other words, thedescriptions of processes herein are provided for the purpose ofillustrating certain embodiments, and should in no way be construed soas to limit the claimed invention.

Accordingly, it is to be understood that the above description isintended to be illustrative and not restrictive. Many embodiments andapplications other than the examples provided would be evident uponreading the above description. The scope of the invention should bedetermined, not with reference to the above description, but shouldinstead be determined with reference to the appended claims, along withthe full scope of equivalents to which such claims are entitled. It isanticipated and intended that future developments will occur in the artsdiscussed herein, and that the disclosed systems and methods will beincorporated into such future embodiments. In sum, it should beunderstood that the invention is capable of modification and variationand is limited only by the following claims.

All terms used in the claims are intended to be given their broadestreasonable constructions and their ordinary meanings as understood bythose skilled in the art unless an explicit indication to the contraryis made herein. In particular, use of the singular articles such as “a,”“the,” “the,” etc. should be read to recite one or more of the indicatedelements unless a claim recites an explicit limitation to the contrary.

1. A painting device for painting components, comprising: a multi-axispainting robot configured to position an atomizer, a robot controllerconfigured to control the painting robot, and a control cabinet thatcontains the robot controller, wherein the control cabinet forms asupport column that extends from a floor and that mechanically supportsthe painting robot, and further wherein the painting robot is attachedto the control cabinet with a mechanical interface. 2.-27. (canceled)28. The painting device according to claim 1, wherein: the paintingdevice together with the painting robot and the control cabinet forms apreassembled module, the control cabinet has an interface via which allthe fluid and electrical supply lines necessary for operation of thepainting robot can be connected, and the supply lines are guided in thepreassembled module from the interface of the control cabinet to thepainting robot.
 29. The painting device according to claim 1, wherein:the painting robot is detachably connected to the control cabinetthrough the mechanical interface, and the painting robot is mechanicallyattached to the support column through a supply line interface, and thesupply line interface contains all the fluid and electrical supply linesbetween the control cabinet and the painting robot that are necessaryfor operation of the painting robot.
 30. The painting robot according toclaim 28, wherein the supply line interface comprises at least one ofthe following supply lines: at least one pneumatic line for supplyingcompressed air to the painting robot, at least one paint line forsupplying the painting robot with the paint to be applied, a flushingagent line for supplying a flushing agent to the painting robot, areturn line for the return of at least one of the flushing agent and thepaint from the painting robot, electrical control lines for actuation ofthe robot by the robot controller, and at least one sensor line for thereporting of sensor variables from the painting robot to the robotcontroller.
 31. The painting device according to claim 1, wherein: thepainting robot comprises a robot base, a rotatable robot part, apivotable proximal robot arm and a pivotable distal robot arm, therotatable robot part is rotatable relative to the robot base about asubstantially vertical axis of rotation, the proximal robot arm ispivotable relative to the rotatable robot part, and the distal robot armis pivotable relative to the proximal robot arm.
 32. The painting deviceaccording to claim 1, wherein: the painting robot comprises a robotbase, a rotatable robot part, a pivotable proximal robot arm and apivotable distal robot arm, the rotatable robot part is rotatablerelative to the robot base about a substantially horizontal axis ofrotation, the proximal robot arm is pivotable relative to the rotatablerobot part, the distal robot arm is pivotable relative to the proximalrobot arm.
 33. The painting device according to claim 31, wherein therotatable robot part is arranged below the robot base, or the rotatablerobot part is arranged to the side of the robot base, or the rotatablerobot part is arranged above the robot base.
 34. The painting deviceaccording to claim 31, wherein: a plurality of flexible supply hoses areprovided for supplying the media necessary for operation of the paintingrobot, a rotatable joint is arranged between the proximal robot part andone of the rotatable robot part and the distal robot arm, the supplyhoses are guided through the joint on a neutral fiber so that the supplyhoses are not subjected to tensile or compressive stress in thelongitudinal direction during a rotation of the joint, and are subjectedonly to a bending load, the supply hoses run through the axis ofrotation of the joint, and the individual supply hoses in the paintingrobot run in a hose plane from the rotatable robot part to the distalrobot arm so that the supply hoses are bent only in the hose planeduring a pivoting of the robot arms.
 35. The painting device accordingto claim 1, further comprising application technology which is arrangedin or on the proximal robot arm, and in or on the distal robot arm. 36.The painting device according to claim 35, wherein the applicationtechnology comprises components for frequently used coating agents andcomponents for rarely used coating agents, and the components of theapplication technology for the rarely used coating agents are mounted onor in the proximal robot arm, and the components of the applicationtechnology for the frequently used coating agents are mounted on or inthe distal robot arm.
 37. The painting device according to claim 35,wherein the application technology arranged in or on the robot armincludes: at least one color changer for selecting a desired color,wherein the color changer is connected on the input side to a pluralityof color feed lines and on the output side to an atomizer, at least onemetering pump or another metering element configured to meter paint tobe applied, a motor for driving the metering pump or metering element, apaint pressure regulator for regulating the application pressure, and ahigh voltage generator for generating the high voltage required forelectrostatic painting.
 38. The painting device according to claim 32,wherein: the distal robot arm is pivotably connected to the proximalrobot arm via an elbow joint, the elbow joint between the proximal robotarm and the distal robot arm is directed downward in at least one robotposition, the distal robot arm in one robot position runs substantiallyhorizontally and can be introduced in the horizontal direction into aninterior of a motor vehicle body to paint the interior, and the elbowjoint between the proximal robot arm and the distal robot arm isdirected upward in at least one robot position.
 39. The painting deviceaccording to claim 1, further comprising a conveyor configured to conveythe components to be painted through the painting device, wherein therobot base is offset in the upward direction relative to the conveyor.40. The painting device according to claim 1, wherein the robot base ismounted in a stationary manner.
 41. The painting robot according toclaim 1, wherein the robot base together with the painting robot can bedisplaced on a displacement rail, wherein the displacement rail issupported by the control cabinet configured as the support column. 42.The painting device according to claim 1, further comprising: a handlingrobot for opening and closing doors or hoods of the components to bepainted, and a displacement rail which is mounted on the support columnand along which the handling robot can be displaced.
 43. The paintingdevice according to claim 42, wherein: the displacement rail for thehandling robot is borne exclusively by the support column, and thepainting robot is mounted in a stationary manner on the same supportcolumn as the displacement rail for the handling robot, and the paintingrobot is mounted above the handling robot on the support column, and thedisplacement rail for the handling robot is shorter than the paintingbooth, and the displacement rail for the handling robot is arrangedoffset relative to the painting robot in the conveying direction of thecomponents.
 44. The painting device according to claim 1, wherein: thepainting robot is arranged in a painting booth, the control cabinetconfigured as the support column is arranged outside the painting booth,the painting booth has booth walls which are substantially smooth, andthe painting booth has booth walls which are at least partiallytransparent or have at least one viewing window.
 45. The painting deviceaccording to claim 1, wherein the painting robot has, in addition to anatomizer, a handling grip for opening doors or hoods of the componentsto be painted.
 46. The painting device according to claim 1, wherein:the support column forming the control cabinet is displaceable on adisplacement rail, and the displacement rail for the support column isoriented substantially parallel to the conveying direction of the motorvehicle bodies to be painted, and the displaceable support column isoriented substantially vertically, and the painting robot isdisplaceable on the support column in the vertical direction.
 47. Thepainting device according to claim 1, further comprising: a displacementrail along which the painting robot can be displaced, and asubstantially vertically oriented carrier for connecting the paintingrobot to the displacement rail, wherein the carrier is guided on itsupper side by the displacement rail and can be displaced along thedisplacement rail, while the carrier carries on its underside the robotbase of the painting robot.
 48. The painting device according to claim1, further comprising a conveyor configured to convey the components tobe painted in a conveying direction through the painting device, atleast one displacement rail along which the painting robot can bedisplaced, wherein the displacement rail is oriented transversely to theconveying direction; a painting booth having a lateral booth wall, awidth of the painting booth, wherein the booth width is greater to theside of the displacement rail for the painting robot than in theconveying direction in front of and behind the displacement rail for thepainting robot, and lateral indentations in the booth wall to the sideof the transversely running displacement rail, so that the paintingrobot on the displacement rail can be moved into the indentation of thepainting booth.
 49. The painting device according to claim 1, whereinthe painting robot comprises a robot base on which at least two robotarms are movably articulated, wherein one robot arm guides an atomizerand a second robot arm guides one of an atomizer and a handling tool.